The decision by the Union Pacific (UP) railroad to suspend service from West Coast ports to Chicago for one week could be positive, according to Noel Hacegaba, deputy executive director, Port of Long Beach.
In response to growing port congestion, Union Pacific told its customers:
This week, we reached out to the ocean carriers to take more positive steps to improve fluidity and throughput in the Los Angeles Basin and our Global IV facility in Chicago. One of these steps include a temporary suspension of eastbound movement from the West Coast Port Terminals (including Los Angeles, Long Beach, Oakland, and Tacoma) moving to Global IV for approximately 7 days. We believe this change will allow the transportation supply chain to begin working off the backlog of Global IV destined trains, while freeing up railcar assets to support import loading needs on the West Coast. We are working closely with the ocean carriers and collaborating wherever possible to improve the health of the supply chain.”
In an interview with AJOT, Hacegaba said: “Look: the whole supply chain has been stressed since Covid not just the railroads. In order to alleviate that pressure, the railroads have had to resort to some temporary suspensions of service. I hope that the decision by the UP will allow them to reduce the backlog of containers and restore fluidity to the system.”
Hacegaba said that the UP suspension comes at an opportune time because of the temporary shutdown of South China ports, including the Port of Yantian, due to a Covid outbreak:
“This has caused a temporary lull in container shipments from China that will soon end with a renewed surge which we expect by the end of July.”
The UP suspension is likely to cause backups at West Coast ports, Bill Stephens at Trains.com reported:
“Intermodal analyst Larry Gross says UP’s move will create massive backups at West Coast ports, which are already busy as retailers are looking to keep up with consumer demand and aim to restock depleted inventories at their warehouses and store shelves.
As many as 40,000 twenty-foot equivalent units — or TEUs … will be stuck at West Coast ports over the next week due to the UP embargo, Gross says. That’s equivalent to 50 double-stack trains, each with 200 wells and a capacity for 800 TEU.”
Reducing Congestion
Hacegaba says that the Port of Long Beach have taken three steps to reduce congestion at its container terminals:
- It has opened up a 49-acre truck and container staging area at the Port’s Pier S so as to move containers out of the terminals.
- It has worked with truckers and terminals to increase dual use transactions by 50% over previous levels. The Port has worked with truckers and terminals to ensure the delivery of an export load or empty container return is linked to an inbound load to improve truck utilization and reduce congestion.
- Three terminals at the Port can handle 20,000 teu container ships or larger so that fewer ships are necessary to carry larger loads at those terminals
Dwell Times Remain High
For June, the Pacific Merchant Shipping Association reported “the average container dwell time at the San Pedro Bay ports (Los Angeles and Long Beach), the amount of time a container stays at a marine terminal after it is unloaded from an ocean carrier, rose to 4.76 days, up from 3.96 the month before.”
The PMSA went on to explain: “The heightened dwell time is a result of an ongoing record cargo volume surge impacting the entire supply chain resulting in the lack of warehouse space, unused terminal appointments, lack of railcar availability, lack of truck capacity and equipment shortages.”
Delays are particularly pronounced for containers transported on the Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe railroads between the two Southern California ports and Midwest destinations:
“Dwell time for containers leaving the terminal by on-dock rail increased by more than a day. Through June, the average dwell time was 11.8 days, up from the already high 10.5 days the month before. Railcar availability and system bottlenecks are impacting the railroads on a national level and this cargo is backing up on the marine terminals.”
Warehouses Not Working 24/7
Hacegaba says a persistent problem is with warehouses and distribution centers in Southern California not operating at full capacity.
He says that warehouses and ports in Asia are operating 24 hours per day and seven days a week and Southern California container terminals are operating at about nineteen hours per day seven days a week. However, Southern California warehouses lag behind:
“This is why you see street dwell times at the warehouses of a week. And what happens to the chassis that need to get back to terminals? They are stuck waiting to be unloaded at the warehouses.”
Hacegaba says a review of warehouse operations is pending with the view of helping distribution centers and warehouses increase their hours of operation: “We need to know why the warehouses aren’t operating 24/7.”
A recent Pacific Merchant Shipping Association report shows that West Coast ports have increased their import market share over East Coast and Gulf ports from 36.8% in April, 2019 to 38.9% in April, 2021.
Hacegaba is hopeful that the increase in market share for the West Coast ports will continue, as the Port of Long Beach continues to demonstrate its ability to handle larger amounts of containers than its competitors on the Gulf and Atlantic coasts:
“We really can’t complain about handling too much cargo,” he concluded.
