Canada’s two biggest railways shut down early Thursday after talks with union leaders failed, immediately blocking arteries of North American supply chains that carry about C$1 billion ($740 million) per day in trade.
More than 9,000 employees at Canadian National Railway Co. and Canadian Pacific Kansas City Ltd. were locked out after a deadline passed without an agreement on a new contract. Members of the Teamsters Canada Rail Conference had voted to strike over a number of issues, including scheduling and worker fatigue.
For many commodities, there are no good shipping alternatives. Companies that sell wheat, fertilizer, chemicals and other goods will feel the pinch right away. Grain futures rose slightly in early trading Thursday as traders assessed the impact. A lumber company in British Columbia announced plans to cut production at a sawmill within days.
The shutdown will have “ripple effects” across the continent, “especially given uncertainty toward potential strikes at US ports and given soaring global shipping costs driven by avoidance of the Red Sea and Suez Canal,” Bank of Nova Scotia economist Derek Holt said in a note to investors.
“Some of these shocks could be transitory (strikes, though of uncertain length and magnitude) and some longer-lived (geopolitical) but they risk feeding off of one another at an inopportune moment for sectors like agriculture and retail orders for the holiday shopping season,” Holt said.
Morning commutes in Canada’s three largest cities were also affected. Trains in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver that use Canadian Pacific tracks weren’t operating. Those lines typically carry an estimated 32,000 passengers a day.
The lockout applies only to Canadian workers, not to the railways’ large operations in the US and, in the case of Canadian Pacific, Mexico.
The stoppage may cost Canada as much as C$341 million per day, according to a Wednesday estimate from ratings agency Moody’s Corp.
Canadian National said in an emailed statement that it made offers to improve wages and rest time. “The Teamsters have not shown any urgency or desire to reach a deal that is good for employees, the company and the economy,” the company said via a spokesperson. A Canadian Pacific spokesperson said the union continues to make unrealistic demands that would fundamentally impair the railway’s ability to serve its customers.
Union President Paul Boucher said the main obstacles to reaching an agreement were the companies’ demands. “Their sole focus is boosting their bottom line, even if it means jeopardizing the entire economy,” he said in a statement.
As the deadline approached, business groups and rail-dependent industries from automakers to agriculture issued warnings about the economic damage — including the potential of longer-term harm to Canada’s trading relationships and reputation for reliability, following other recent disruptions to its transportation networks.
US Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said earlier this week that his department had been monitoring the situation closely and tracking the flow of vital goods to the US. The US Chamber of Commerce has called on the Canadian government to intervene.
The labor disruption creates an urgent problem for the federal government. Labor Minister Steven MacKinnon denied Canadian National’s request to impose binding arbitration last week and encouraged parties to reach a deal at the bargaining table. The minister also met with the parties and federal mediators on Tuesday and Wednesday.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s government is propped up in parliament by a deal with the pro-labor New Democratic Party, whose leader, Jagmeet Singh, had said he would oppose government measures to intervene on behalf of employers against workers. But it’s still an option for the government to introduce legislation that would force an end to the impasse.
