The European Union will close its airspace to Russia, attempting to further isolate President Vladimir Putin after he ordered his troops to invade neighboring Ukraine.
The collective action applies to any plane owned, chartered or otherwise controlled by a Russian person, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said Sunday in announcing the measure.
The move is part of an array of measures, from sanctions to flight bans to sending aid to Ukraine, being unfurled by Western nations to punish Putin, pressure those closest to him and persuade him to back down.
Cold War
The EU’s biggest members, including France and Germany, barred Russian planes earlier. Airlines on both sides of the divide were already feeling the effects of reciprocal measures that set operating conditions back decades, harkening back to Cold War-era prohibitions on Western flights across Siberia.
Aeroflot’s direct access to points west has been walled off, forcing the national flag carrier to veer far to the north or south. Moscow responded by blocking access to Russian airspace—a key pathway for long-haul journeys with Asia—for airlines from the U.K. and a number of European countries in retaliation.
This, along with EU sanctions on aircraft parts, forced some to suspend flights to Russia and through it to destinations like Shanghai, Seoul and Hong Kong.
Airline Pain
Air France and Finnair Oyj were among the airlines suspending flights to Asia. The French flag carrier said it was studying alternatives to restore service while avoiding Russian airspace. Finnair cited the extra time and fuel cost.
“For many of our North-East Asia flights, rerouting would mean considerably longer flight time, and operations would not be economically feasible,” the Scandinavian carrier said.
The former Soviet Union opened Siberian airspace to a group of Western airlines in 1970, cutting travel times between Europe and Japan by up to three hours. Overflights had been prohibited for years on grounds that it lacked navigation and airport facilities, the New York Times reported then—though Western observers suspected security was the main factor.
Overflight and landing fees now generate hundreds of millions of dollars a year to Moscow and Aeroflot.
EU companies are now barred from insuring Russian planes and technologies, Adina Valean, the bloc’s transport commissioner, said on Twitter. Aircraft goods and technology, including spare parts and repairs, are also covered, she said.
Aircraft Repo
Economic repercussions for carriers have quickly stacked up.
Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd. on Friday suspended a cargo-only route from London Heathrow to Shanghai, in one example of how the actions could filter out beyond airlines to have a broader impact on business activity.
The Dutch arm of Air France-KLM, Deutsche Lufthansa AG and Hungarian discounter Wizz Air Holdings Plc each said they would halt flights to or from Russia for seven days.
KLM cited the EU sanctions barring aircraft parts being sent to Russia, even for its own planes.
“This means KLM can no longer guarantee that flights to Russia or passing over Russian territory can return safely,” the airline said. Wizz also cited the ban on spare parts.
Four Wizz aircraft remain stranded in Ukraine, and with its home airspace closed, Ukraine International Airlines extended a flight suspension through March 23.
Carriers and aircraft leasing firms were also assessing how sanctions such as potential bans on Russia from the SWIFT international payments system might affect aircraft access and the ability to fly.
Scores of leased aircraft operated by Aeroflot and other Russian carriers may be vulnerable to repossession, according to analysts at aviation advisory IBA.
