The last time U.S. Vice President Mike Pence took the stage to speak about the Trump administration’s China policy, his words sent shock waves through the political leadership in Beijing.

A little more than a year ago, on Oct. 4, 2018, Pence bashed China for what he called an all-of-government approach to meddling in U.S. democracy and the midterm elections that took place a month later.

Pence’s next big China speech, set for Thursday in Washington at a Wilson Center event, is coming at another crucial moment in the bilateral relationship — one where the stakes are high for him to find the right balance.

President Donald Trump is aiming to sign a limited trade deal with Chinese leader Xi Jinping next month, and a weakening American economy is chipping away at the U.S.’s leverage. Meanwhile, pressure is building from Capitol Hill to stay firm, highlighting White House moves this month to sanction Chinese entities accused of connections to the surveillance and imprisonment of more than a million Muslim Uighurs in the northwestern region of Xinjiang.

According to people briefed on Thursday’s speech, the vice president is expected to focus on human rights and religious freedom — citing Xinjiang and democracy protests in Hong Kong that for months have challenged Beijing’s rule. While the tone of his speech might be harsh, the people said he will likely conclude by calling for a peaceful coexistence. White House officials for weeks have been debating how critical Pence’s remarks should be, they added.

Jude Blanchette, a China analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said “Beijing will almost surely see this as a further indication that a hypothetical resolution of the trade frictions won’t be sufficient to re-balance the bilateral relationship.”

Washington insiders know that the speech is months overdue. Pence was originally supposed to deliver it on June 4, which marked the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre. After the White House tried to garner support for the speech and its significant timing around the anniversary, Trump decided to delay it — in the hopes of landing a meeting with Xi at the Group of 20 leaders’ summit in Osaka.

Pence’s rescheduled speech remains a tricky one timing-wise: The chief trade negotiators from both sides are set to hold a conference call Friday to talk about progress toward locking down phase one of a deal.